本帖最后由 yuzhan1990 于 2014-11-28 20:50 编辑
@饺子踮脚望孤山 @玖天狱
Nikola Tesla was born on 10 July (O.S.尼古拉·特斯拉出生于1856年7月10 日
28 June) 1856 to Serbian parents inthe village of Smiljan, Austrian Empire (modern-day Croatia).（旧历1856年6月28日) 斯米连（英文名Smiljan，现属于克罗地亚的戈斯皮奇市）的一个村庄父母都是塞尔维亚人。
His father, Milutin Tesla, wasan Orthodox priest.他的父亲, 米卢廷·特斯拉是一位东正教牧师。
Tesla's mother, Đuka Tesla (née Mandić),whose father was also an Orthodox priest,:10 had a talent for makinghome craft tools, mechanical appliances, and the ability tomemorize Serbian epic poems.特斯拉的母亲, 久卡（Đuka）特斯拉(neeMandić),他的父亲也是一个东正教牧师,:10拥有制作家庭手工工具,机械设备的才能,并且能记住许多塞尔维亚史诗。
Đuka had never received a formal education.久卡Đuka从来没有接受过正式的教育。
Nikola credited his eidetic memory and creativeabilities to his mother's genetics and influence.尼古拉认为他超常的记忆和创造力是受他母亲的遗传和影响。
Tesla's progenitors were from westernSerbia, near Montenegro.:12特斯拉的祖先来自塞尔维亚西部地区,黑山附近。:12
Tesla was the fourth of five children.特斯拉是五个孩子中的第四个。
He had an older brother named Dane and three sisters,Milka, Angelina and Marica.他有一个哥哥叫戴恩和三个姐妹,Milka,安吉丽娜和Marica。
Dane was killed in a horse-riding accident when Nikolawas five.尼古拉五岁时戴恩死于一场骑马事故。
In 1861, Tesla attended the "Lower"or "Primary" School in Smiljan where he studied German, arithmetic,and religion.1861年,特斯拉在Smiljan的小学读书，在那里他学习了德语、算术和宗教的知识。
In 1862, the Tesla family moved to Gospić,Austrian Empire, where Tesla's father worked as a pastor.1862年,特斯拉的家人搬到了奥地利帝国的Gospić, 特斯拉的父亲在担任牧师一职。
Nikola completed "Lower" or "Primary"School, followed by the "Lower Real Gymnasium" or "NormalSchool."尼古拉读完了小学,接着读了中学。
In 1870, Tesla moved to Karlovac to attendschool at Higher Real Gymnasium, where he was profoundly influenced by amath teacher Martin Sekulić.1870年,特斯拉搬到Karlovac在高级学校上学,在那里他深受数学老师马丁Sekulić的影响。
:32 Tesla was able to perform integralcalculus in his head, which prompted his teachers to believe that he wascheating.32:特斯拉能够心算积分,这一度使他的老师认为他作弊。
He finished a four-year term in three years,graduating in 1873.:33他三年里完成了四年的课程,于1873年毕业。:33
In 1873, Tesla returned to his birthtown, Smiljan.1873年,特斯拉回到他的出生地 Smiljan。
Shortly after he arrived, Tesla contracted cholera;he was bedridden for nine months and was near death multiple times.他到达后不久,特斯拉感染霍乱;他病倒在床上九个月,多次濒临死亡。
Tesla's father, in a moment of despair, promised to sendhim to the best engineering school if he recovered from theillness (his father had originally wanted him to enter thepriesthood).特斯拉的父亲在绝望中答应他，如果他从疾病中恢复，就送他去最好的工程学院, (他的父亲原本希望他做一名教士)。
In 1874, Tesla evaded being drafted intothe Austro-Hungarian Army in Smiljan by running awayto Tomingaj, near Gračac.1874年,特斯拉逃避了奥匈帝国的兵役Smiljan，逃跑到Tomingaj,Gračac附近。
There, he explored the mountains in hunter's garb.在那里,他像个猎人一样探索山区。
Tesla said that this contact with nature made himstronger, both physically and mentally.特斯拉说,这与大自然亲密接触使他身心更强大,。
He read many books while in Tomingaj, and latersaid that Mark Twain's works had helped him to miraculously recover fromhis earlier illness.他在Tomingaj读了很多书,后来他说,马克·吐温的作品帮助他奇迹般地康复了。
In 1875, Tesla enrolled at AustrianPolytechnic in Graz, Austria, on a Military Frontier scholarship.1875年,特斯拉进入了奥地利格拉茨理工学院并获得了奖学金。
During his first year, Tesla never missed a lecture,earned the highest grades possible, passed nine exams (nearly twiceas many required), started a Serbian culture club, and evenreceived a letter of commendation from the dean of the technical faculty to hisfather, which stated, "Your son is a star of first rank.在他入学的第一年,特斯拉从未错过一门课程,获得年纪最高的分数,考过了九门课程(几乎是要求数量的两倍 ),创办了一个塞尔维亚文化俱乐部, 他的父亲甚至从工学院院长收到一封表彰信,说:“你的儿子是一个一流的人才。
" Tesla claimed that he worked from3 a.m.“特斯拉声称,他从凌晨3点工作。
to 11 p.m.到晚上11点。
, no Sundays or holidays excepted.,星期天或节假日也不例外。
He was "mortified when father madelight of hard won honors.对于他父亲收到的那些来之不易的赞誉，他感到害羞。
" After his father's death in 1879, Teslafound a package of letters from his professors to his father, warning thatunless he were removed from the school, Tesla would be killed through overwork.“1879年他父亲死后,特斯拉发现一个包，里面装着许多他的教授寄给他父亲的信件,信中警告说,除非他被逐出学校,否则特斯拉将因工作过度而死。
During his second year, Tesla came intoconflict with Professor Poeschl over the Gramme dynamo,when Tesla suggested that commutators weren't necessary.在他的第二年,特斯拉与Poeschl教授就格拉姆发电机的问题发生了争执,当时特斯拉建议说整流器并不是其中必要的部件。
At the end of his second year, Tesla lost his scholarshipand became addicted to gambling.结果在他的第二年,特斯拉失去了他的奖学金,并沉迷于赌博。
During his third year, Tesla gambled awayhis allowance and his tuition money, later gambling back his initial losses andreturning the balance to his family.在他的第三年,特斯拉赌光了他的零用钱和学费,后来他赌回了本钱并还了他从家人那里借的钱。
Tesla said that he "conquered passion then andthere," but later he was known to play billiards in the US.特斯拉说他“当场控制住了他的冲动,“但后来大家得知他在美国又开始打弹子（一种赌博）。
When exam time came, Tesla was unprepared and asked foran extension to study, but was denied.考试时候,特斯拉毫无准备,没有通过考试。随后他要求学校给他延长一个学期让他重新学习,但学校拒绝了他。
He never graduated from the university and did notreceive grades for the last semester.他从来没有从大学毕业,也没有收到过最后一学期的成绩。